Session 1 | James 1:1-2
Introduction
There are reems of material focusing on the authorship and timing of the Epistle of James.
Concerning authorship, I see no reason to assume any other James than that of the brother of our Lord. No other option solves more problems than it creates. James was certainly of enough notoriety that his epistles would be accepted by the Jewish believing assembly. See Galatians 1:19 and 2:9. One of the chief reasons that some reject the Lord's brother as the author is because the Greek is of high quality. For example, the Wikipedia“the style of the Greek language-text makes it unlikely that it was actually written by James, the brother of Jesus." (Note: I have inserted an edit some scholars contend, but often such edits do not remain). This statement “scholars" but displays the arrogance of scholarship rather than known facts. It reminds us of the statement of Nathanael, in a different context, in John 1:46, can anything good come out of Nazareth?
Concerning timing, there are early and late dates that have been proposed. The late date of AD 60-62 seems unlikely for three reasons:
The content of the epistle is so thoroughly Jewish that is displays no knowledge of a Jewish-Gentile mixture within the Body of Christ. This would put it prior to the time of the Jerusalem Council (AD 50-52).
The epistle displays intimate knowledge of the teachings of Jesus yet contains no direct quotes from Gospels. This suggests that the information was first-hand rather than gleaned from the Gospels.
According to Josephus, James was killed during the reign of Lucceius“so he assembled the Sanhedrin of judges, and brought before them the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James, and some others, [or, some of his companions]; and when he had formed an accusation against them as breakers of the law, he delivered them to be stoned" (Antiquities, XX, ix, I, 200).
James 1:1 | An Important Introduction
The name James is a french version of the name Jacob, which would be a literal transliteration. The Latin Jacobus became Jacomus in late Latin which became James in French. The Geneva Bible of 1560 had Iames (spelled with the letter I). In the KJV, the Greek iacob was always translated Jacob while iacobus was translated James, and this has continued in all modern translations.
That James simply introduces himself as a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ sheds no light on whether he is the Lord's brother (as we presume). It is simply a fitting statement of devotion.
James writes to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad“pastor" of the Jerusalem congregation. However, there were many Jews, including believers in Jesus as the Messiah, who were scattered abroad. This diaspora was likely the scattering that began with the fall of the Northern Kingdom. They were likely from among those 3,000 who were baptized on the day of Pentecost (compare Acts 2:5, 9-10), as well as others who were persuaded by their testimony. In addition to the Jewish diaspora, these could have been those who were originally from Jerusalem but were scattered by the persecution of men like Saul (see Acts 8:1, taking place about AD 34).
Concerning the application of the letter, this first verse gives us the important information that it applies to Jews, not the body of Christ. However, one commentary after another will go to great lengths to show that the twelve tribes are the church, the body of Christ.
For example, the New American Commetary“The recipients of the letter, who possessed a messianic faith and therefore were the church“the twelve tribes in the dispersion [diaspora]." The Greek word diaspora is related to the verb ō“sow, scatter"; hence the NIV rendering “scattered among the nations." Dispersion points first of all to Israel since the time of the Assyrian captivity of the ten tribes (cf. John 7:35). The connection is surely made here with believers in terms of the Old Testament anticipation of the restoration of Israel. The use of the term here, however, has been extended to apply to all the people of God in Christ." [emphasis mine].
Another example comes from the United Bible Society's Handbook on the Letter from James“The twelve tribes is normally a comprehensive expression used to describe all the people of Israel, or the whole Jewish nation (compare Acts 26:7). In this letter the phrase obviously refers to Christians, not to Jews “twelve tribes scattered all over the world: James is saying that the Lord's followers are like the tribes of Israel that were scattered everywhere by their enemies." [underlining mine].
James 1:2-4 | Patience Through Trial
Verse 1 —
James addresses his audience as My brethren. He will use the word brethren or brother 19 times in the epistle, and in this epistle we must always interpret it as it is given in this context: fellow Jews. The scripture narrows the definition in verse 1, and we must accept its definition unless a substitute definition is provided. Note that other books of Scripture may define the term differently, and we would use the context of those books to determine the meaning in those locations*.*
James asks the brethren to count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations. The word count is a leadership word, ἡγέομαι [hegeomai] (from which we get hegemony). By using this word, it puts the responsibility upon the brethren to take the lead in their attitude toward divers temptations. The word temptations is used more in the sense of trial than an enticement to sin.
While this instruction is given to Jews, Paul gives the same example in 2 Corinthians 12:9-10. However, we would want to take our instruction from Paul because taking it from James in these verses will lead to works-based-perfection in the next verses.
